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400. Poirier v. Communauté urbaine de Montréal, J.E. 83-254 (C.A.); Ontario Human Rights Commission v. Etobicoke (1982), 132 D.L.R (3d) 14 (S.C.C.); A-600-94 (Gates) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-897-90 (McDonald) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 32877 (Windsor) Umpire Decision; CUB 23188 (Allsop) Umpire Decision; CUB 7965 (Davis) Umpire Decision; A-396-85 (Falardeau) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 48021 (Desbiens) Umpire Decision; T-1182-93 (Charest) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 43153A (Purba) Umpire Decision; CUB 41567 (Melki). Umpire Decision
401. Sopinka, Lederman and Bryant, at 154 et seq.
402. M. Goulet, Le droit disciplinaire des corporations professionnelles (Yvon Blais, 1993); Béliveau v. Comité de discipline du Barreau, [1992] R.J.Q. 1822 (C.A.).
403. F. Morin, L'arbitrage des griefs (Cowansville: Yvon Blais ).
404. Y. Ouellette, at 279.
405. A-897-90 (McDonald). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
406. A-636-85 (Joseph) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 22544 (Johnston) Umpire Decision; CUB 21645 (Bennett) Umpire Decision; CUB 17204 (Godoy). Umpire Decision
407. Martelli v. Société de l'Assurance-Automobile du Québec, J.E. 95-1803 (C.S.); Régie de l'Assurance-Automobile du Québec v. C.A.S., J.E. 87-161 (C.S.); Saine v. C.A.S., [1994] R.J.Q. 2361 (C.S.).
408. Union Gas v. TransCanada Pipeline, [1974] 2 F.C. 313; A.G. Canada. v. Restrictive Trade Practices Commission.
409. A-3-96 (Gagnon). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
410. F. Morin and R. Blouin, at 331.
411. Holden v. C.N.R. (1990), 112 N.R. 395 (F.C.A.); Canada (M.D.N.) v. Montgrain, [1992] 1 F.C. 472 (F.C.A.); Ontario (Human Rights Bd.) v. Simpson-Sears [1985] 1 S.C.R. 536; Central Alberta v. Alberta [1990] 2 S.C.R. 489.
412. Y. Ouellette, at 274-275.
413. A-541-85 (Harbour). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
414. A-396-85 (Falardeau) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-1062-92 (Touzel). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
415. A-694-94 (Purcell) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-600-94 (Gates) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 21293 (Weedon) Umpire Decision; CUB 23162 (Bolduc) Umpire Decision; CUB 12220 (Leppers). Umpire Decision
416. A-686-93 (Stolniuk) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-479-94 (XXXXXX) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-736-95 (White) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-1472-92 (Whiffen). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
417. A-269-94 (Ekosky) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 21970 (Staples). Umpire Decision
418. A-841-96 (Fox) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-136-96 (Caron-Bernier). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
419. A-370-95 (Peterson). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
420. A-172-85 (Albrecht). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
421. A-396-85 (Falardeau) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-800-80 (Moura). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
422. CUB 23424 (Bosdet) Umpire Decision; A-370-95 (Peterson). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
423. CUB 36750 (Wilson) Umpire Decision; CUB 39407 (Foster) Umpire Decision; CUB 26791 (Reid) Umpire Decision; CUB 36690 (Hyde). Umpire Decision
424. A-245-97 (Lazar) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-999-96 (D'Astoli). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
425. A-185-94 (Chan). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
426. CUB 8121 (Brinton) Umpire Decision; CUB 4496 (Lamontagne). Umpire Decision
427. CUB 46026A (Piché) Umpire Decision; CUB 45464 (Ficara: It is up to him to give an explanation and convince the board that the statements were made in good faith and not knowingly false). Umpire Decision
428. A-130-96 (Meunier) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-3-96 (Gagnon) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-732-95 (Fakhari) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-241-82 (Davlut). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
429. CUB 43119A (Oliver). Umpire Decision
430. R. v. Potts (1982), 36 O.R. (2d) 195; Cudmore, at 502; Sopinka, Lederman and Bryant, c. 19.14 to 21.
431. Montana Indian Band v. Canada, [1994] 1 F.C. 425; see Canada Evidence Act, s. 18. Canada Evidence Act
432. A-184-95 (Borghi: "Courts are not bound to consider only those authorities submitted by counsel"). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
433. D. Stephano v. Lenscrafters, [1994] R.J.Q. 1618 (C.S.); IWA, at 302-303.
434. Calder v. A.G. British Columbia, [1973] S.C.R. 313 at 346 (past or contemporaneous historical events).
435. Air Canada v. Mirabel [1989] R.J.Q. 1164 (C.A.); Montréal (C.U.M.) v. Propriété Gunter Kaussen, [1987] R.J.Q. 2642 (C.P.); CUPE v. N.B. Liquor Corp., [1979] 2 S.C.R. 227 at 235-6; Re Ringrose and College of Physicians of Alberta (1978), 83 D.L.R (3d) 680 (Alta. C.A.); Huerto v. College of Physicians (1996), 133 D.L.R (4th) 100 (Sask. C.A.); A-708-95 (Dunham: " . . . it may have regard to facts that come to its own attention") Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 8641B (Laughlan: "their own experience and their understanding of . . . their own community"). Umpire Decision
436. Immigration Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-2, s. 68 Immigration Act; Statutory Powers Procedure Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. S.22, s. 16. Statutory Powers Procedure Act
437. Y. Ouellette, at 317; Macaulay and Sprague, vol. 2, c. 12-191.
438. Ibid.
439. CUB 9493 (Perreault: letter from the employer obtained by the Chairperson) Umpire Decision; CUB 39716 (Batterham: Chairperson personally contacted the claimant's employer) Umpire Decision; CUB 40177A (Booth: During the proceedings . . . the Board's chairperson sought advice from one of the Commission's advisers) Umpire Decision; CUB 32283A (Lomann). Umpire Decision
440. SKF Canada v. Deputy M.N.R. (1983), 47 N.R. 61 (F.C.A.).
441. Pfizer v. Deputy M.N.R., [1977] 1 S.C.R. 456.
442. Y. Ouellette, at 309-310.
443. R. v. Wray, [1971] S.C.R. 272; Sopinka, Lederman and Bryant, c. 9.
444. Weber v. Ontario Hydro, [1995] 2 S.C.R. 929. Judgement of the Supreme Court
445. Mooring v. Canada, [1996] 1 S.C.R. 75. Judgement of the Supreme Court
446. They were mostly developed in criminal cases, but some of their development can be traced to civil cases: Royer, at 633 et seq.
447. Goguen and Albert v. Gibson [1983] 2 F.C. 463 at 479; Aurie v. Canada, [1989] 2 F.C. 229.
448. R.S.C. 1985, c. O-5. R.S.C. 1985, c. O-5
449. R.S.C. 1985, c. A-1; CUB 10602 (Ramirez). Umpire Decision
450. With regard to those rules, see Royer at 710 et seq.; Sopinka, Lederman and Bryant c. 14.
451. In Quebec: An Act respecting health services and social services, R.S.Q., c. S-4-2, s. 7; An Act respecting work accidents and. . . R.S.Q., c. A-3.001, ss. 38, 39 R.S.Q., c. A-3.001, ss. 39, 43 R.S.Q., c. A-3.001, ss. 43, and 208 R.S.Q., c. A-3.001, ss. 208. Each province has statutes to the same effect.
452. Frenette v. La Metropolitaine, [1992] 1 S.C.R. 647 Judgement of the Supreme Court; Pilorge v. Desgens, [1987] R.D.J. 341 (C.A.); Bongar v. Ontario (Health Professions Board), (1997), 147 D.L.R. (4th) 382 (Ont. Div. Ct.).
453. CUB 46026A (Piché). Umpire Decision
454. CUB 41600 (Fontaine). Umpire Decision
455. McCormick, Evidence, 2nd. ed. 1972, at 584; R. v. L. (D.O.), [1993] 4 S.C.R. 419, 456.
456. Law Reform Commission of Canada, Report on Evidence, 1975, at 69.
457. T.A. Miller Ltd. v. Minister of Housing and Local Government, [1968] 1 W.L.R. 992 at 995; Teasdale v. Commission de contrôle des permis d'alcool du Québec, [1974] C.s. 319 at 320; Khan v. College of Physicians (Ont.) (1992) 94 D.L.R. (4th) 193 (Ont. C.A.).
458. Soccio v. Régie des alcools du Québec et al., [1972] C.A. 283; Ness v. Côté, [1976] C.S. 1016; Journal de Montréal v. Syndicat des travailleurs, [1995] R.D.J. 33 (C.A.).
459. Journal de Montréal v. Syndicat des travailleurs, supra at 42.
460. Ibid; Charron v. Madras, J.E. 83-1160 (C.A.).
461. Re Girvin et al. and Consumers' Gas Co. (1974), 40 D.L.R (3rd) 509 at 512 (Ont. H.C.); Bombardier M.L.W. Ltée v. Métallurgistes unis d'Amérique, [1978] C.S. 554 at 558; Lischka v. Criminal Injuries Comp.Bd. (1982), 37 O.R. (2d) 134 (Div. Ct.); CUB 23965 (De La Soie) Umpire Decision; CUB 18895 (Leblanc). Umpire Decision
462. T. A. Miller Ltd. v. Minister of Housing and Local Government, [1968] 1 W.L.R. 992 at 995; Re Public Accountancy Act and Stroller (1961), 25 D.L.R (2d) 410 at 426 (Ont. C. A.).
463. A-1873-83 (Mills) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-44-91 (Harnish) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 39504 (Gagnon) Umpire Decision; CUB 47902 (Bisiri) Umpire Decision; CUB 4256 (Kokkoris) Umpire Decision; A-291-98 (Morris). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
464. CUB 34446 (Desruisseaux). Umpire Decision
465. CUB 47734 (Gendron). Umpire Decision
466. Sopinka, Lederman and Bryant, at 9-20.
467. Example: the witness claims to have seen the claimant fight with another worker at a factory. Another example: the document produced describes the conditions of the employer's loan to the claimant. Another example: the claimant admits at the hearing that he took a vacation in Maine.
468. For example: using a written report of a telephone conversation a fact is inferred such as the claimant is not available to work, repeated refusals to accept suitable employment, or absence from Canada. Other examples: CUB 34500 (Klair) Umpire Decision; CUB 43398 (Daley) Umpire Decision; CUB (Frankle); CUB 11648 (Ingrouville). Umpire Decision
469. For hearsay see 3.3.6 for factual presumptions see 3.4.3
470. Example: in a case of theft of materials from the employer resulting in dismissal for misconduct (the claimant's car was seen in the parking lot of the factory on the night of the robbery, the claimant is one of the only people with a key to the warehouse, his wife did not know where he was on the night of the robbery). Another example: CUB 43153A (Purda). Umpire Decision
471. This would be used to demonstrate a person's bad reputation or lack of credibility, for example.
472. Sopinka, Lederman and Bryant, c. 18.
473. CUB 15000B (Harnish). Umpire Decision
474. CUB 26487 (Pelletier) Umpire Decision; CUB 10071 (Drul). Umpire Decision
475. CUB 30792 (Gbessaya). Umpire Decision
476. Sopinka, Lederman and Bryant, at 97 et seq.
477. The best example is the word "knowingly" in s. 38 of the EI Act: CUB 37761 A (McInnes); CUB 20891 (Nivisi) Umpire Decision; CUB 12220 (Leppers) Umpire Decision; CUB 19333 (Barkley) Umpire Decision; and see A-366-94 (Jouan) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; and A-58-94 (Veillet) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 24001 (Morin). Umpire Decision Another example, s. 36 of the Regulations regarding settlement monies in the allocation of earnings: CUB 44266 (McConnell) Umpire Decision; CUB 15122 (Mayor) Umpire Decision; A-1195-84 (Swallowell). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
478. A-637-86 (Brière: an example of absolute presumption is s. 134 of the Act regarding documents that prove their content). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
479. A-719-91 (Landry: a full-time student is presumed not to be available for work) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 26565A (Morissey); CUB 34086 (Boggs) Umpire Decision; A-27-94 (Zysman: a person who is setting up a business on a full-time basis is presumed to be working in a full-time basis) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-662-97 (Lemay) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-664-97 (Turcotte) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 8098 (Leblanc: someone who admits to being on vacation) Umpire Decision; CUB 7926 (Gagnon) Umpire Decision; Brière v. CEIC, [1989] 3 F.C. (F.C.A.); CUB 43119A (Oliver: admission before a criminal court) Umpire Decision
480. For example, if the door was broken in, it may be presumed that there was a forced entry.
481. A-841-96 (Fox: admission by the Commission) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; CUB 27484 (Food Group Inc.: a guilty plea). Umpire Decision
482. A-909-96 (Reny: admission by the claimant). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
483. Examples: an employer admits she lent money to her former employee (juridical act), or a claimant admits having taking a week off for a vacation (material fact).
484. An admission cannot pertain to the legality of an act, the likelihood of a claim's success or the failure to comply with a condition imposed by law. A legal opinion in an information bulletin issued by a government department is not an admission.
485. CUB 42922 (Raymond) Umpire Decision; CUB 43845 (Boisvert) Umpire Decision; CUB 42681 (Fontaine: [Translation] he ignored a specific piece of evidence, the admission); A-909-96 (Reny) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-355-96 (Rancourt) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-271-96 (Boucher). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
486. A-168-93 (Floyd: "there was plain evidence, by way of her own admissions, that the respondent was not available for work") Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-1036-96 (Guay: the employer confessed that the breach was not connected with the contract of employment and was not of much importance to him) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-845-97 (Kenny: [Translation] the claimant admits to participating in an hour-bundling system) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; A-111-98 (Ajzachi). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
487. The mere fact of a settlement with regard to a termination for misconduct is not decisive: ". . . the settlement agreement . . . neither expressly nor implicitly includes admissions": A-45-96 (Douglas Boulton) Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; and see A-309-81 (Pérusse, 14/12/81). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal; However, an agreement or arrangement between an employer and employee whereby the latter may return to his job or is paid compensation may be an element of evidence refuting the Commission's finding that the claimant lost his position because of misconduct: A-233-94 (Wile). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
488. For example, a video recording of events that occurred during a strike: A-3-96 (Gagnon). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal On the concept of physical evidence, see J.W. Strong, McCormick on Evidence, 4th ed. 1992, West Publishing, nos. 212-217; Royer, nos. 927-963.
489. "Relevant evidence means evidence that has any tendency in reason to prove a fact in issue in a proceeding", Law Reform Commission, Report on Evidence, (Ottawa: 1977) at 19; Sopinka, Lederman and Bryant, at 22 et seq.
490. CUB 25398 (Marinaro) Umpire Decision; CUB 22905 (Neilson) Umpire Decision; CUB 22610 (Reykdal) Umpire Decision; CUB 31612A (McMurchy). Umpire Decision
491. CUB 23188 (Allsop: "Sympathetic considerations" which the Board properly found to be irrelevant) Umpire Decision; CUB 24924 (Murray) Umpire Decision; CUB 37233 (Bourgeois: the fact that a person was confused, experiencing family problems and abusing alcohol, etc.) Umpire Decision; A-3-96 (Gagnon: the fact that the strike was illegal). Judgement of the Federal Court of Appeal
492. R. v. Zeolkowski, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 1378; R. v. Morris, [1983] 2 S.C.R. 190.
493. Sopinka, Lederman and Bryant, c. 11; R. v. Cloutier, [1979] 2 S.C.R. 709, 731.
494. Radulesco v. Canadian Human Rights Commission, [1984] 2 S.C.R. 407; Assad v. Canada, A-671-86 (F.C.A.).
495. CUB 6208 (Kennedy) Umpire Decision; CUB 19373 (Vanderburg) Umpire Decision; CUB 18211 (Delparte: "before the hearing"). Umpire Decision
496. See Garant, vol. 2, at 282-285; Mullan, nos. 144-152.
497. CUB 10602 (Ramirez). Umpire Decision
498. Seafarers' International Union v. C.N.R., [1976] 2 F.C. 369-376 (F.C.A.).
499. R. v. Stinchcombe, [1991] 3 S.C.R. 326.

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